Women's: Source: Discusses average prices American families were paying for medical care and hospital trips. West Virginias mine safety laws were the weakest in the nation. Wages are shown in Brazilian milreis and contemporary US dollars. Red Ash mine was also the location of a disaster in 1900, which killed forty-six miners. After the top fell, they returned to break and load the fallen coal before another layer of the top came crashing down with a tremendous roar. In West Virginia, where mineswere cut near the mountaintops, the overburden was looser and more prone to collapse than in the deeper shaft mines of the North. Coal operators enticed workersmany African Americanto move to West Virginia from Virginia and the Deep South. Source: BLS. Covers more than 1,200 cities. Shows family expenditures by category. Earnings and prices are shown in Swiss francs. Wages shows in 1930 US dollars. Wages are shown in Spanish pesetas. Shows average value of mortgaged homes, average debt remaining on the mortgages and average interest paid on mortgages annually, for 68 cities of 100,000 or more population. The laborer's work is often made difficult by the water and rock which are found' in large quantities in coal veins. Wages are shown in contemporary U.S. dollars. "In this region, I presume that a fee of $200 would be a pretty fair estimate of the surgeon's charge for operation and the after-treatment there would be between the operation and the death of the patient." Shows average annual expenditure for food, rent, clothing, and medical care per family member. Workers, Kohinoor mine, Shenandoah, Pennsylvania, 1884, Managers, Kohinoor mine, Shenandoah, Pennsylvania, 1884. Source: Lists costs of running a farm, including costs of power, labor, insurance, interest on loans, etc. Covers occupations in the building trades, metal trades, printing trades, coal mining and more. Source: U.S. BLS Bulletin, No. Shows price list of one California retailer. Shows police department salaries for cities over 100,000 population. See answers (2) Best Answer. Boys discovered that serious men turned into jokers when they toiled underground. Occupations included are limited before 1916. Postal Service. For example, the 1920 volume gives rates in Ohio and Minnesota, Illinois and Indiana, and more. Shows prices for articles of clothing sold in 35 retailer shops in twelve cities. Shows monthly wages based on the ocean routes traveled: San Francisco to points west, and New York City to points south and east. Source: BLS, Shows the minimum hourly wages of various occupations in Brussels. Wages are in contemporary US dollars. Without a match he walked, hands held in front of his body, until, by chance, someone found him and gave him a light. The mine operators assumed that if they paid a worker according to the number of tons he loaded, they would foster a competitive climate underground; and in a sense, the tonnage system worked this way. The deep imagery of coal mining in the 1970s shows a lifestyle - Medium Source: BLS, Shows the daily wages of masons, carpenters, stonecutters, painters, shoemakers, and tailors in each of the provincial capitals of Spain. Dresses, dresses (in color), coats, bonnets and coats, hats, shoes, girl's toys. Wages are shown in contemporary U.S. dollars. $180 - $5k. This table covers pages 357-360 in this source. Use the following hyperlinks to see values for AL, AZ, AR, CA, CO, CT, DE, FL, GA, ID, IL, IN IA, KS, KY, LA, ME, MD, MA, MI, MN, MS, MO, MT, NE, NV, NH, NJ, NM, NY, NC, ND, OH, OK, OR, PA, RI, SC, SD, TN, TX, UT, VT, VA, WA, WV, WI, WY. BBC ON THIS DAY | 13 | 1975: Miners set for 35 per cent pay rises Boy's: ), athletic gear, boxing, baseball, & tennis supplies, Prices of articles bought by farmers, 1909-1924, Prices paid by farmers for household items, 1910-1960, Clothing prices paid by farmers, 1910-1960, Women's clothing catalog - B. Altman & Co., Summer 1920. They designed complex ventilation systems with fans and interior doors to keep dangerous gases from causing explosions. As a novice, Keeney learned the colliers trade from older craftsmenthe skills of cutting the face, setting the charges, and loading the coal without wrenching his back or crippling himself. Shows average charge per case for appendicitis, childbirth, heart troubles, cancer, dental problems and more. Arranged by occupation and then by city and year. Lists annual pay for individuals occupying administrative and supervisory positions in the executive and judicial branches. What was the salary for a coal miner in the 1950s? - Answers Shows wage data by manufacturing categories for 1914, 1919, 1921, and 1923. Board a ship to cross the wave; Prices are shown in German marks. It may be necessary to read the chapters pertaining to the country, but you can find the actual minimum wages in the discussion. The union was very important to miners. Source: BLS Monthly Labor Review (June 1931), Shows the average hours and daily wages of various workers in quarries, sawmills, and many other industries throughout Virginia. Coal loaders at the face depended on mule drivers and motor men to honor the old tradition of a square turna custom through which colliers sought to control output and equalize earning opportunities by ensuring that each miner would receive the same number of cars during a workday, in the words of a mine industry historian. After they loaded coal from the fallen pillars, the colliers and their helpers pushed their cars out into the main entry as fast as possible before sections of the roof collapsed. By 1854, forty-six percent of all American pig iron had been smelted with anthracite coal as a fuel, and by 1860 anthracite's share of pig iron was more than fifty-six . Tables 6-13 show farm land prices by county in IA, MN, ND, ID, OH, KY, NC and TX. Government Documents Department, Ellis Library In the 1920s decade, 8% to 12%of peopleaged18-21enrolled incollege. for rural households in the U.S. and selected foreign countries. TRANSPORTATION Mostly covers manufacturing industries (tobacco was prominent), but there is some data for women who worked in mercantile stores, 5-and10-cent stores, and in laundries. Source: Women's Bureau Bulletin #25. The pit closures the miners had fought so hard to prevent began in earnest. Shows the daily wages for 11 different occupations in Parahyba, Brazil. Wages are shown in Japanese yen. Click "more" for direct links to wages in each occupation. The Life of a Coal Miner | eHISTORY - Ohio State University Separate listings forinspectors, police superintendents, captains, sergeants, privates, etc. Instead of paying miners by the ton, they hired them as employees and paid an hourly wage. Includes drug items, toilet items, and miscellaneous items. Tools and hardware: Shows prices by month and year. 1974, Early Coal Miner's Wages and Striking | Marion Illinois History U.S. coal mining employment change by state Q4 2011-Q4 2016 ; Source: Table shows 52 years of time-series prices on individual foods, such as. Shows expenditures by category with prices per article and amounts needed annually for a family of five. By the 1940s, the United Mine Workers union had established better wages and somewhat safer conditions for miners, though a contentious relationship between workers and bosses persisted. Must use "search in this text" feature to navigate. Photographer + writer. Wages are shown in Mexican pesos. Source: Lists results of 22 studies that show the % of family budget spent in various categories (rent, food, health, etc.). Dresses, skirts, blouses, suits, patterns for sewing frocks,, dress gloves, shawls, sweaters, silk undergarments, pajamas, union suits, corsets, gowns, stockings, hats, winter coats, fur coats, winter gloves and mittens, shoes, purses and bags, diamond rings, necklaces and jewelry, brooches, perfume, wigs. After undercutting the face, the collier turned the crank on a five-and-a-half-foot-long breast auger and pushed with all his weight to bore a hole high on the face. This calculator allows you to compare the buying power of wages earned at different points in history. A man sometimes had to get down on his hands and knees, with his left shoulder, well padded, against the car, bracing himself with his toes against the ties and the dirt of the floor, wrote a former miner, while his partner controlled the brakes to keep the car from rolling back on the pusher if he slipped or grew tired. Back injuries, broken legs, and severed feet and fingers were common. From the Louisiana Department of Labor and Industrial Statistics Biennial Report for 1929-1930. At suppertime, youngsters like Frank would sit with the men on a pile of slate and listen as veterans of the mine would sing songs, spin yarns, and tell jokes; they would rib the boys, trick them for laughs, and tell them tall tales of the devilish apparitions that appeared to them down in the hole. Wages shown in litas, and US dollars in parentheses. Shows the daily wages of Chilean miners between 1911 and 1924 in both pesos and the U.S. dollar. Data available for additional years inMissouri Farm Census by Counties, Missouri State Dept of Agriculture. College professor salaries, 1928 (Source: AAUP report). Wages for workers engaged in the manufacture of iron and steel goods, machinery, railway rolling stock, boilers, vehicles, aircraft, electrical apparatus, scientific instruments and more. Table 25 shows additional breakouts for skilled and white collar workers by region (. 8836. Source: BLS Bulletin no. Milk cost an average 33 per half gallon in 1920. After the Civil War, industrialization meant a nearly limitless demand for anthracite and bituminous coal, and hundreds of thousands of new jobs spurred a population boom in the region, which stretches from western New York state to Alabama. Covers elementary, junior high, and high school teachers in American cities with populations of 2,500 or more. He later recalled his terror at being lost in a maze of underground rooms when his lamp went out. Shows the "living wage" per week for different metropolitan areas of Australia. Chart shows median wages of women employed in Philadelphia households as chambermaids, cleaners, cooks, waitresses, laundress, seamstress, and children's nurses (nannies.) Mule drivers and trapper boys like Frank Keeney set out at six oclock every morning with the adult miners, who each carried a pick and auger, a can of black blasting powder, fuses, and a tamping rod. PDF Wage Chronology: Anthracite Mining Industry, 1930-66 : Bulletin of the FromTHE DEVIL HERE IN THESE HILLS(Atlantic Monthly Press), now out in paperback. Published by the National Industrial Conference Board. Source: BLS, Shows the retail prices of foodstuffs and other necessities throughout different areas of Denmark such as Copenhagen. Wages are shown in Czech krone. Describes the labor policy of Canada in the 1920's and throughout the rest of the early 20th century. Shows the hourly, daily, and biannual earnings of different occupations in the Missouri coal industry between 1890-1922. Full chapter extends from pp. See table 164 for average annual wage. This risk increased enormously when inexperienced miners failed to undercut the coal before blasting and took the risk of shooting on the solid.. Coal companies also recruited in Europe. Inside workers are further classified as (1) miners and laborers who cut and load coal onto conveyors or into mine cars, and (2) all other employees whose occupations relate to transportation, timbering, pumping, ventilation, and other general underground work. There was little prospect then that coal would be in demand as it is today or that the daily wage of miners would be multiplied 8 to 10 times by 1974. Most of their houses had images of union president John L. Lewis, Franklin Delano Roosevelt, and Jesus. MORE PRICES in the U.S. An experienced miner would often work calmly under conditions that would terrify a novice, wrote a veteran of the bituminous mines. Source: Shows lawyers' incomes instates and regions, by size of community served, by the age of the lawyer, number of years in practice, etc. "A good hotel room costs only $4-5 per day while a hospital charges $6 and $7." Shows average wages (with and without board) by province. It is not yet available to read online; check your local library for a printed copy. Industrial home work was most common in clothing manufacturing and tobacco industries (rolling cigars, etc.) For example, a dollar earned in 2020 had the same buying power as 7 in 1928. 525. Source: BLS Monthly labor review, Apr 1926, Shows the average retail prices of various foodstuffs throughout Switzerland. UK coal industry employment 1920-2021 | Statista Source: This table provides average yearly wages per industry or trade type, including transportation, education and agriculture, among others. Managers liked immigrants because they worked for low wages. Salary data for judges inNY, PA, NJ and CT. And your eye upon the scale! Prices and Wages by Decade: 1920-1929 - University of Missouri Coal Mine Worker Hourly Pay | PayScale Children's: Careless miners always fail. Provides detailed breakouts by occupation. Miscellaneous: Time became important to managers as they changed their labor model. Email: concannonm@missouri.edu Shows data for unskilled male laborers in each of 13 industries, as well as an overall average. Some picked slate and other debris out of the coal on fast-moving conveyor belts. Source: BLS. Source: BLS Monthly Labor Review (September 1932). Coal Miners (Pay) (Hansard, 27 November 1973) Fearful of the danger, frightened by the blackest darkness he could imagine, and repelled by the coal dust that clung to him like a layer of skin, Washington vowed to get an education and rise out of the coal pits, just as he had risen up from slavery.. Compares 1927 and 1913 earnings. Shows wages and prices in kronen, along with the exchange rate to translate into U.S. dollars. Every workday a panel of miners, ranging from fourteen to twenty-eight men, passed through a main entry and then turneddown a side entry. Bonus. Wages are shown in Finnish marks. Source: The cost of living among wage-earners, Cincinnati OH, pp. In the words of the popular song Miners Lifeguard, written by a miner from Oak Hill, West Virginia: A miners life is like a sailors, Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics, No. Source: BLS. Workers focused on the pace of work, safety, and wages. Wages are shown in Sweden kronor. Priced by the single unit. Lists ticket prices in NYC, Boston, Philadelphia, Cleveland and eight more cities in NY, PA, OH and MA. along with the country of origin, value in that country, transportation charges, duty charges and retail price in the U.S. Includes a photo of most items. Shows wages and hours of workers in the cotton industry over a 23 year period. His pictures also reflect a variegated experience in Appalachia, countering stereotypes by depicting middle-class miners, racial diversity, and community pride. For hours on end, a trapper boys ears would take in the strange sounds made by creaking timbers, rattling coal cars, clopping mules, and thudding blasts of explosions deep in the mine, while his eyes would behold surreal sights, like the white bones of ancient fish skeletons and the remains of tropical plants when they were illuminated by the miners lamps. Miners would lie on their backs and use a pick to undercut the coal. Source: The cost of living in twelve industrial cities, p. 63. Under these terms, a hard worker could earn $2.00 for ten to twelve hours of labor, if the work was steady. Prices are shown in contemporary US dollars. MERCHANDISE Union wages by occupation and city, 1922-1928, Women's median wages by state and industry, 1910s-1920s, Cigarette packs - Average retail price by brand, 1929, Average college expenses and tuition by institution, 1928, Family budgets by income group, 1918-1930, https://libraryguides.missouri.edu/pricesandwages, Common labor - Average entrance wage rates, 1926-1934, Union wages by occupation and city, 1920-1921, Steam fitters' and sprinkler fitters' helpers, Structural-iron workers: finishers' helpers, Union wages by occupation and city, 1929-1930, Captains, masters, mates, pilots, and engineers, Maintenance-of-way employees: Gang foremen, Maintenance-of-way employees: Assistant gang foremen, Maintenance-of-way employees: Iron workers, Maintenance-of-way employees: Masons, bricklayers, and plasterers, Maintenance-of-way employees: Section laborers, Maintenance-of-way employees: Crossing and bridge flagmen and gatemen, War and postwar wages, prices, and hours, 1914-23 and 1939-44, Urban Negro weekly earnings by sex and occupational class, 1925, Negro wages by occupation - Chicago, 1920, Teacher salaries by race - North Carolina, 1922, Teacher salaries by race - Texas, 1925-1926, Accountants, auditors, bookkeepers, etc. In the late 1800s mining was rough physical labor. Using a thin iron needle about the thickness of a pencil, he shoved a cartridge of black powder into the hole and pushed a little clay into the hole with a damper; then he carefullywithdrew the needle and inserted a wick of waxed paper, a squib, that would burn down to the black powder. All of these mines included a main entry, or portal, and a second tunnel, or monkey drift, which provided workers with ventilationa barely adequate suction through a surface grate created by a coal fire that burned all day. Shows the average daily wages of various occupations in Athens and Piraeus. Wages are shown in Danish ore. Then, with their lamps casting a dim yellow light on the dark hillside, the men and boys disappeared one by one into the hole, like ants entering a colony. Wages are shown in both contemporary Yen and US dollars. Shows average dollar amount spent annually in categories such as food, clothing, maintenance of health, personal goods, furniture and more. $20.00 per week. Source: Teachers' salaries and salary trends in 1923. . Paragraph below the table describes the weekly earnings of blast furnace workers, smelters, rolling mill operators, and foundry workers in both Pounds Sterling and U.S. The coal industry required more labor than southern West Virginia could supply. Shows the standard wages for different shift at ports in Antwerp, Belgium. From, Earnings forveterinarians with governmentjobs, in scientific labs, in sales, or working as. The lawmakers apparently agreed with West Virginias Republican governor, G. W. Atkinson, who said in 1901: It is but the natural course of mining events that men should be injured and killed by accidents.. Source: BLS, Shows the cost of foodstuffs and other necessities in Greece. One task was to test for the build-up of flammable methane gas. Meanwhile, his wife Mary operated the Nellis boarding house for foreign-born miners. 467. Source: BLS, Shows the retail prices of food and commodities in various cities throughout south Manchuria. Appalachian coal production has been on shaky ground almost since the industrys inception in the mid 19th century. But on some weeks, a miner might work only two or three days because the railroad failed to supply enough coal cars, or because the mine needed repairs. Wages are expressed in both foreign currency and dollars. In 1974, the Environmental Protection Agency commissioned photojournalist Jack Corn to document the plight of the American coal miner in Appalachia. From. Coal miners homemade prosthetic leg, about 1950. Cottage and bungalow home designs with illustrations and floor plans in the "Wardway homes" catalog. Expressed in pounds, shillings, and pence. Shows average wages by industry in both rubles and US currency. Source: BLS, Shows the average price of foodstuffs and other common goods in the federal district of Mexico. $32k - $76k. Trump blames his predecessors environmentalism for the loss of jobs in Appalachia, but the reality is a long-running product of market forces, not liberal tree-hugging. Mine foremen attempted various forms of industrial discipline to maximize productivity, but in the early 1900s, coal miners experienced little of the supervision foremen and factory managers imposed on workers; in fact, veteran colliers often became surly when a mine foreman came by their place on his little scooter to check on them. As a rule he is paid so much per car, and a definite number of cars constitute a day's workthe number varying in different minesaveraging from five to seven, equaling from twelve to fifteen tons of coal. Shows brand names. Source: U.S. BLS. Source: BLS Monthly Labor Review, March 1932, The "Service Industries" chapter in this source breaks out wages paid to workers in hospitals, hotels, bowling alleys, theaters, parks, churches, country clubs, athletic clubs and yacht clubs, advertising agencies, banks, laundries, schools/colleges, and restaurants (making no distinction between waiters, cooks or bus boys). West Virginias drift mines were cut into the mountains horizontally and its slope mines descended gradually into the earth. The miners called this unpaid labor company work.. NOTE: Forhouseholdincome data for 1929, we recommend a1934 Brookings Institution report titled America's Capacity to Consume. Women's and children's clothing - Newcomb, Endicott, and Co. Retail prices for imported merchandise, 1922, Rates charges for hospital services, 1928, Health care costs and expenditures, 1923-1925, Average charges by type of medical complaint, 1929-1930, Public colleges - Tuition by institution, 1921-1922, Private colleges - Tuition by institution, 1921-1922, Howard University School of Medicine - Tuition & expenses, 1920-21, The Undertaker's Trade - Services and Prices, Average funeral cost by state and city, 1927, Cost to mail a letter or postcard, 1863-present, Vacation to Yellowstone National Park - Prices in 1920, Consumption expenditures per capita, 1901-1956, Cost of living increase in U.S. large cities, 1913-1941, Income needed for "minimum subsistence" in cities, 1929, Minimum income needed to live in Washington DC, 1920, Cost of living among wage earners, Detroit, 1921, Lynchburg, VA - Cost of living and expenditures, 1928-1929, Ability to pay and standard of living among farmers, 1926, Farm family expenditures in selected states, 1922-1924, Average annual costs of keeping work horses, 1921, Virginia - Cost of living and expenditures, 1928-1929, Calculator: Present-day purchasing power of a historic dollar amount, Consumer Price Index Inflation Calculator, Canada - Food and rents by province and city, 1923, Canada - Prices of staple foods, fuel and rent in 1913, 1920-1927, Retail Prices in Czechoslovakia, 1914-1921, Clothing prices - Great Britain, 1914-1921, New Zealand - Food and cigarette retail prices by city, 1921. equal opportunity/access/affirmative action/pro-disabled and veteran employer. Washington, D.C. Email powered by MailChimp (Privacy Policy & Terms of Use), The American Twins, Harpers Weekly, 1874, African American History Curatorial Collective. Few words meant more to mine workers than manliness, a quality that connoted dignity, respectability, defiant egalitarianism, and patriarchal male supremacy, in the words of historian David Montgomery. PRICES in FOREIGN COUNTRIES, WAGES -- GENERAL SOURCES (all occupations and worker types), WAGES in AIRPLANE and AIRCRAFT MANUFACTURING, 1920s. Managers concentrated on business decisions, such as arranging transportation and selling their product. Before the 1930s, many boys worked in mines. Retreat mining required the rapid destruction of these pillars, each containing tons of valuable coal, before the mine collapsed. Source: BLS Monthly labor review, Oct 1927, Shows the average daily wages for 14 different occupations in the Florence district. Phone (573) 882-0748. Arthur Lewis. Dollars. Discusses doctor and hospital fees as well as related expenses such as home nursing care. Wage rates by occupation in foreign countries (sometimes just to a certain city in the foreign country), assembled for easy comparison to U.S. wage rates for the same occupations. An increase in annual vacation pay was also stipulated.Wage Chronology: Bituminous . What Life Is Like Working in Underground Coal Mines in the US Many of the reports can be found in. Source: U.S. Department of Commerce. Iowa farm houses averaged around 8 rooms and had an average value of $3,043. 613. Source: BLS, Shows the average daily wage in both yen and US dollars. (Click image for detail), Marie Concannon, Government Information Librarian Every workingman was supposed to have his turn when it came to getting an empty coal car, because each collier deserved an equal opportunity to get his load to the weigh station. By 1850, approximately half of Kanawha Countys slaves worked in the salt industrymany mined coal to fuel the furnaces. The following is from James Greens The Devil is Here in These Hills. Retreat mining was a risky business, but at least the miners engineered these cave-ins. 285, Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics, No. Table shows average 1929 and 1931 weekly wages of full-time store employees, managers, and supervisors by kind and size of chain and location. During the Great Depression output was nearly halved from 680 million tons to 360 million. Covers Great Britain, France, Belgium, Germany, Sweden, Norway, Switzerland, Italy and Austria. The need to correct these abuses led the UMWA to demand the employment of a check-weigh man whom the miners could trust. Source: Lists minimum and maximum daily wages for male and female workers. Wages are shown in Brazilian milreis. Typewriters, school supplies, office supplies, fountain pens, more fountain pens, books, drawing sets, home office furniture. Source: BLS, Shows the average daily or monthly wages for various occupations in 5 different cities in Brazil. Smoke from explosions of black powder,the reek of oil lamps, and the pervading coal dust made breathable air something of an obsession with the miner, one miner recalled. A paid subscription is required for full access. 8836. White familiesspent an average $103.71/yearon medical care around 1928-1931. Source: BLS. See quartile, "Women in Alabama industries: a study of hours, wages and working conditions," Women's Bureau Bulletin #34 (. Source: BLS, Shows clothes prices paid by working class families in Great Britain. Occupations wages shown in 1930 US dollars. Wages are shown in yen. 45-57. The mine foreman was legally responsible for safety. Montgomery Ward catalog shows prices of radios and radio supplies on 60+ pages. Processing plants called breaker buildings were symbols of pride for mine communities. Shows mining wages in Alabama, Colorado, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Utah, Washington, West Virginia, and Wyoming. Shows the average weekly wages of NY factory workers every month over a 14 year period. Following legal tradition, companies usually placed blame and responsibility for injuries on the workers. Taking a mine car out of turnconstituted another grave offense. Source: BLS Bulletin no. Coal miner Bill Keating composed the ballad Down, Down, Down to break my loneliness and to show my mule I was in a friendly mood., President John L. Lewis, United Mine Workers, convention badge, 1936. Firedamp, described as the monster most dreaded by the practical miner, could explode if ignited by sparks or powder blasts, which would send fires raging through mine shafts with hurricane force. Under these terms, a hard worker could earn $2.00 for ten to twelve hours of labor, if the work was steady. In 1925, motor vehicles were scrapped at an average age of 6.5 years. Boys younger than 12 often worked beside their fathers underground because, in many communities, it was the only paying job available. Source: BLS. The wage data is broken out by sex. In the US, coal mining is a shrinking industry. Source: AAUP report. Some occupations covered include telephone operators, waitresses, hotel maids, chambermaids, elevator girls, laundry workers, retail clerks, and factory workers in the wood working industry. From the Newcomb-Endicott store, Detroit, Michigan. A room in the Pocahontas seam could be more than 10 feet high, while workplaces in the Kanawha and New River seams often were no taller than four feet. Source: 1930 Census of Agriculture. By 2003 that number had dipped to just 70,000. Other enslaved African Americans escaped from the salt works to Ohio, a free state only 60 miles away. Wages shown in 1931 US dollars. Details the prices of appliances, furniture, and more household items on pp. Shows wages and hours for union bricklayers, building laborers, carpenters, cement finishers,hod carriers, inside wiremen, painters, plasterers, plumbers, stonecutters and more.
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