Identify the following muscles and give their origins, insertions, actions and innervations: Axial muscles of the head neck and back The skeletal muscles are divided into axial (muscles of the trunk and head) and appendicular (muscles of the arms and legs) categories. The Cellular Level of Organization, Chapter 4. It is innervated by the thoracodorsal nerve, a branch of the posterior cord of the brachial plexus. Muscles of the shoulder and upper limb can be divided into four groups: muscles that stabilize and position the pectoral girdle, muscles that move the arm, muscles that move the forearm, and muscles that move the wrists, hands, and fingers. For . Extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis muscles:The longus muscle arises from the lateral epicondylar ridge and inserts onto the dorsal surface of the 2nd metacarpal. Dimitrios Mytilinaios MD, PhD Muscles of the Posterior Neck and the Back. The muscles of the anterior neck facilitate swallowing and speech, stabilize the hyoid bone and position the larynx. Do you find it difficult to memorize the muscles of the hand? Hypothenar eminence:It consists of the flexor digiti minimi brevis, the abductor digiti minimi brevis, and the opponens digiti minimi. It acts as an adductor, medial rotator, and flexor of the arm at the shoulder joint. Origin: The origin is the fixed attachment, while the insertion moves with contraction. It is the chief medial rotator of the shoulder and modulates the movement of the deltoid. Levator scapulae muscle:This is a deep small muscle that inserts onto the superior angle and superior medial scapular border. posterior muscles - gluteus maximus muscle (the largest muscle in the body) and the hamstrings group, which consists of the biceps femoris, semimembranosus, and semitendinosus muscles. The Peripheral Nervous System, Chapter 18. It also acts as an extensor of the wrist and radial deviator. 977 Cards -. I would definitely recommend Study.com to my colleagues. This is a bony deformity of the finger or toes associated with rheumatoid arthritis and trauma to the end of the extended finger. Insertion: Medial proximal condyle of tibia Action: Extends thigh, flexes leg, Origin: Lateral condyle and proximal tibia Insertion: First metatarsal and first cuneiform Action: Dorsiflexes and inverts foot, Origin: Condyles of femur Insertion: Calcaneus by calcaneal tendon Action: Flexes leg, plantar flexes foot, Origin:Posterior, proximal tibia and fibula Insertion: Calcaneus by calcaneal tendon Action: Plantar flexes foot, Origin: Head and shaft of fibula, lateral condyle of tibia Insertion: First metatarsal, first cuneiform Action: Plantar flexes and everts foot, Origin: Lateral COndyle of tibia, shaft of fibula Insertion: Middle of distal phalanges of second through fifth digits Action: Extends toes, dorsiflexes foot, Origin: Inferior border of a rib Insertion: Superior border of rib below Action: Elevates ribs (increases volume in thorax), Origin: Inferior border of a rib Insertion: Superior border of rib below Action: Depresses ribs (decreases volume in thorax), Origin: Posterior occipital bone, ligamentum nuchae, C7-T12 Insertion: Clavicle, Acromion process, and spine of scapula Action: Extends and abducts head, rotates and adducts scapula, fixes scapula, Origin: Spines of T2-5 Insertion: Lower one-third of vertebral border of scapula Action: retraction of scapula, Origin: Ligamentum nuchae, Spines C7-T1 Insertion: Vertebral border of scapula at scapular spine Action: retraction of scapula, Origin: Galea aponeurotica Insertion: Skin superior to orbit Action: Raises eyebrows, draws scalp anteriorly, Origin: Fascia of facial muscles near mouth Insertion: Skin of lips Action: Closes lips, Origin: Frontal and maxilla on medial margin of orbit Insertion: Skin of eyelid Action: Closes eyelid, Origin: Zygomatic arch Insertion: Angle and ramus of mandible Action: Closes mandible, Origin: Temporal fossa Insertion: coronoid process and ramus of mandible Action: Closes mandible, Origin: Sternum, clavicle Insertion: Mastoid process of temporal Action: Abducts, rotates, and flexes head, Origin: Ribs 1-8 Insertion: Vertebral border and inferior angle of scapula Action: Abducts scapula (moves scapula away from spinal column), Origin: Bottom of rib cage, Crest of pubis, symphysis pubis Insertion: xiphoid process, Origin: Ribs 5-12 Insertion: Linea alba, iliac crest, pubis Action: Compresses abdominal wall, laterally rotates trunk, Origin: Inguinal ligament, iliac crest Insertion: Linea alba, ribs 10-12 Action: Compresses abdominal wall, laterally rotates trunk, Origin: the inner surface of the 7th to 12th costal cartilages, the thoracolumbar fascia, the iliac crest horizontally, and the inguinal ligament Insertion: linea alba Action: support for the abdominal wall, directly on top of the sciatic nerve The muscle is innervated by the anterior interosseous branch. This is a fracture of the proximal third of the ulna with associated dislocation of the proximal radioulnar joint. It acts as an abductor of the shoulder, and inserts onto the superior facet of the greater tubercle of the humerus. Shahab Shahid MBBS Subscapularis muscle:This is another muscle of the rotator cuff, which is deep and arises from the large anterior subscapular fossa. Due to its course it has a "serrated" or "saw-toothed" appearance. It arises from the nuchal ligament and spinous processes of C7 to T1. It is a powerful superficial muscle of the shoulder. These insert into the 2nd - 5th proximal phalanges. The triceps brachii becomes the agonist - while the biceps brachii is the antagonist - when we extend our forearm. Agonists and antagonists are always functional opposites. In summary, skeletal muscles are attached to bones on each end by tendons. The lower subscapular nerve innervates the muscle and it is a branch of the posterior cord of the brachial plexus. : imagine holding a suitcase or briefcase at your side. These final muscles make up your calf. Do you struggle with straight memorization? It inserts on the distal phalangesof the 2nd to 5th digits and acts to flex the distal IP joints of the fingers. The tendon of the muscle passes in its own tunnel to enter the palm and it inserts onto the base of the 1st distal phalanx. Anatomy & Physiology by Lindsay M. Biga, Sierra Dawson, Amy Harwell, Robin Hopkins, Joel Kaufmann, Mike LeMaster, Philip Matern, Katie Morrison-Graham, Devon Quick & Jon Runyeon is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. The scapular region lies on the posterior surface of the thoracic wall. PAD DAB ('Use your hand to dab with a pad'). This complete MBLEx prep course covers all sections of the FSMTB Massage & Bodywork Licensing Exam, and includes full MBLEx practice tests and quizzes. Last reviewed: November 03, 2021 It is innervated by the anterior interosseous branch. It runs down the posterior compartment of the forearm and inserts into the middle and distal phalanges of the 2nd to 5th digits. This muscle also modulates the movement of the deltoid like the other rotator cuff muscles. It also flexes the MP and wrist joints, although these are its secondary functions. It is the prime mover in forward reaching and pushing down. This is the reason the muscle is well developed in boxers who protract their scapula in the terminal phases of their punches in order to maximize reach. Commonly referred to as impingement syndrome. We will use examples to describe how the origin and insertion affect the action of a skeletal muscle. It arises from the spinous processes of the T7-L5 (L = Lumbar) vertebrae, costals 8-12, inferior angle of the scapula, and iliac crest. Inferior dislocations are the least common and make the upper limb appears as if you are holding your upper limb upwards. Thats why wecreated muscle anatomy charts; your condensed, no-nonsense, easy to understand learning solution. Have you triedour upper limb muscle anatomy revision chartyet? It arises from the occipital bones, occipital protuberance and nuchal lines, as well as the spinous processes of C7 through T12. Extensor digitorum muscle:This muscle lies in the extensor compartment and arises from the lateral epicondyle. One common style of the Monteggia fracture is in children where the radial head is dislocated through a forceful pulling on the arm. , My action is to bilaterally extend the head and neck and unilaterally laterally flex . Biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus. It consists mainly of type 2a fibers and provides power and endurance to elbow extension. Why not cut your time in half by studying with our upper limb muscle anatomy chart? Long head originates from the Supraglenoid cavity. It inserts onto the ulnar aspect of the 5th proximal phalanx. The blood supply to the bone runs distal to proximal, as the nutrient branch of the radial artery enters at the distal pole, and runs proximally. and grab your free ultimate anatomy study guide! The genioglossus (genio = chin) originates on the mandible and allows the tongue to move downward and forward. The nerve supply to this muscle arises from the axillary nerve, a branch of the posterior cord of the brachial plexus. It has numerous muscles and has a complex range of movements. Teres minor:This muscle arises from the lateral border of the scapula and inserts onto the greater tubercle of the humerus. Because of its mobility, the tongue facilitates complex speech patterns and sounds. This results in a restricted range of motion. The shoulder is most unstable in extension and external rotation. You walk Shorter to a street Corner. The palmar aponeurosis helps resist shearing forces applied to the palm, such as climbing and tool use. These muscles are located inside the eye socket and cannot be seen on any part of the visible eyeball (Figure 11.4.3 and Table 11.3). Injection Gone Wrong: Can You Spot The Mistakes? Test your knowledge on the muscles of the arm right away using our handy round-up of quizzes, diagrams and free worksheets. The geniohyoid depresses the mandible in addition to raising and pulling the hyoid bone anteriorly. The muscles of the neck stabilize and move the head. The muscle inserts onto the anterior lateral surface of the body of the radius. Triceps Muscle Brachii Origin & Insertion | Where is the Tricep? However, it prevents the humeral head from slipping downwards. You ride Longer on a Superhighway. When movement of a body part occurs, muscles work in groups rather than individually. All our four muscle chart ebooks are also available with the Latin terminology. This is a fracture of the distal third of the radial shaft with dislocation of the distal radioulnar joint. Place your finger on your eyebrows at the point of the bridge of the nose. Manifestations are limited movement of the shoulder and severe pain. copyright 2003-2023 Study.com. It inserts onto the crest of greater tubercle of the humerus. Term. All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. Mnemonic for Pectoral Muscles Origin Insertion Function Mnemonics for Facial Muscleshttps://youtu.be/ulMHYpvoRbsMnemonics for Tongue Muscle. 31 Decks -. The insertion is usually distal, or further away, while the origin is proximal, or closer to the body, relative to the insertion. An error occurred trying to load this video. Learning anatomy is a massive undertaking, and we're here to help you pass with flying colours. The muscle arises from costals (ribs) 1 - 8, sometimes terminating origins at costal 9. An Introduction to the Human Body, Chapter 2. Interossei:These are grouped into four dorsal and threepalmar interossei and are part of the midpalmar group. Due to these attachments, the triceps is stretched during forearm flexing. Insertion: Proximal, medial tibia (inferior to medial condyle) Teres Major. The muscle inserts on the medial part of the anterior border of the scapula. It also assists in medial (anterior fibers) and lateral rotation (posterior fibers). F lexor digitorum profundus muscle:It rises from the anterior proximal surface of the ulna and adjacent interosseous membrane and deep fascia of the forearm. The two bellies are connected by a broad tendon called the epicranial aponeurosis, or galea aponeurosis (galea = apple). It is innervated by the posterior interosseous branch. Chapter 1. The nerve supply comes from the upper and lower subscapular. For example, upper limb muscles are grouped by shoulder and arm, forearm and hand. It inserts into the 5th proximal phalanx (pinky finger). The neurovascular bundle (intercostal nerve, artery and vein) will separate these two muscles. The back muscles stabilize and move the vertebral column, and are grouped according to the lengths and direction of the fascicles. Like the trapezius, this muscle can be divided into three sets of fibers: anterior, lateral, and posterior. It is best studied broken down into its components: regions, joints, muscles, nerves, and blood vessels. The head is balanced, moved and rotated by the neck muscles (Table 11.5). The triceps is the antagonist, and its action opposes that of the agonist. Read more. Kenhub. Flexor digitorum superficialis muscle:This muscle is located in the intermediate layer and has two heads. The sternocostal head arises from the sternum and the superior 6-7 costal cartilages. Flexor carpi muscles: In the superficial layer of the forearm is where we find flexor carpi radialis, and flexor carpi ulnaris. The second way to describe a muscle's action is based on the joint, or the articulation. Test your knowledge on the muscles of the hand with the following quiz. It has three heads: long, lateral, and medial. Action: external rotator of the thigh Get instant access to this gallery, plus: Introduction to the musculoskeletal system, Nerves, vessels and lymphatics of the abdomen, Nerves, vessels and lymphatics of the pelvis, Infratemporal region and pterygopalatine fossa, Meninges, ventricular system and subarachnoid space, Extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis, Pectoralis major, Pectoralis minor, Deltoid, Latissimus dorsi, Supinator, Extensor digitorum, Extensor carpi ulnaris, Extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis, Extensor indicis proprius, Extensor digiti minimi, Brachioradialis, Thenar eminence, Hypothenar eminence, Interossei, Lumbricals, Inferior angle and lower part of the lateral border of the scapula, Intertubercular sulcus (medial lip) of the humerus, Adduction and medial rotation of the humerus (arm), Lateral border of the scapula (middle part), Greater tubercle of the humerus (inferior facet), Lateral rotation of the arm, stabilization of the humerus as part of the rotator cuff muscles, Greater tubercle of the humerus (middle facet), Greater tubercle of the humerus (superior facet), Assistance in arm abduction,stabilization of the humerus as part of the rotator cuff muscles, Medial rotation of the arm,stabilization of the humerus as part of the rotator cuff muscles, Transverse process of the atlas and axis, posterior tubercles C3 and C4, Posterior surface of the medial scapular border (from the superior angle to the root of the spine of the scapula), Anterior rami of the nerves C3 and C4, dorsal scapular nerve (branch of the C5), Superior nuchal line, external occipital protruberance, nuchal ligament, spinous processes of C7 to T12 vertebrae, Lateral third of the clavicle, acromion and spine of the scapula, Spinal accessory nerve; C3 and C4 spinal nerves, Elevation, depression, and retraction of the scapula, Medial half of the clavicle (clavicular head); anterior surface of the sternum, 1st to 6th costal cartilages, aponeurosis of, Adduction and medial rotation of the humerus, Anterior surface of the 3rd, 4th, and 5th ribs and the fascia overlying the intercostal spaces, Medial border and superior surface of the coracoid process of the scapula, Protraction of the scapula, pulls the coracoid process anteriorly and inferiorly, accessory muscle in respiratory, Lateral third of the clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula, Abduction and stabilization of the shoulder joint, Spinous processes of T7-L5 and sacrum, iliac crest, X-XII ribs, Distal half of the anterior side of the humerus and intermuscular septa, Flexion of the forearm at the elbow joint, Flexion of the forearm at the elbow joint, supinator of the forearm, accessory flexor of the arm at the glenohumeral joint, Anterior surface of the ulna (distal quarter), Anterior surface of the radius (distal quarter), Forearm pronationand binding of the radius and ulna, Anterior surface of the radius and interosseous membrane, Proximal parts of the anterior and lateral surfaces of the ulna and interosseous membrane, Bases of the phalanges of the 4th and 5th digits (medial part), bases of the phalanges of the 2nd and 3rd digits (lateral part), Ulnar nerve (medial part), anterior interosseous nerve (lateral part), Flexion of the distal phalanges at the interphalangeal joints of the 4th and 5th digits (medial part) and of the 2nd and 3rd digits (lateral part), Medial epicondyle of the humerus and coronoid process of the ulna (humero-ulnar head) and superior half of anterior border (ulnar head), Shafts of middle phalanges of medial four digits, Flexion of middle phalanges at proximal interphalangeal joints and flexion of the proximal phalanges at the metacarpophalangeal joints of the middle four digits, Medial epicondyle of the humerus (common flexor tendon), Flexor retinaculum and palmar aponeurosis, Medial epicondyle of the humerus (humeral head), coronoid process of the ulna (ulnar head), Lateral epicondyle of the humerus, crest of the ulna, supinator fossa, radial collateral and anular ligaments, Surface of the proximal third of the radial shaft, Posterior surfaces of the middle and distal phalanges (2nd-5th), Posterior interosseus nerve (branch of the radial nerve), Extension of the index, middle, ring and little fingers, Lateral epicondyle of the humerus, posterior border of the ulna, Medial side of the base of the metacarpal V, Posterior side of the distal third of the ulnar shaft; interosseous membrane, Proximal two-thirds of the supra-epicondylar ridge of the humerus, Lateral surface of the distal end of the radius, Forearm flexion, especially during mid-pronation, Flexor retinaculum and tubercle of trapezium and scaphoid bones, Thumb flexion, abduction, and medial rotation resulting in a combined movement called opposition, Abduction of the 5th digit and flexion assistance of the proximal phalanx, Base of the proximal phalanx of the 5th digit, Flexion of the proximal phalanx of the 5th digit, Sides of two adjacent metacarpals (dorsal interossei) and palmar surfaces of the 2nd, 4th, 5th metacarpals (palmar interossei), Bases of the proximal phalanges via the extensor expansions of the 2nd to 4th digits (dorsal interossei) and 2nd, 4th, and 5th digits (palmar interossei), Abduction of the 2nd to 4th digits (dorsal interossei), adduction of the 2nd, 4th, and 5th digits (palmar interossei), assisting the lumbricals in extension, Tendons of the flexor digitorum profundus, Lateral expansions of the 2nd to 5th digits, Flexion of the metacarpophalangeal joints and extension of the interphalangeal joints of the 2nd to 4th digits.
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